Can stress worsen acne? Yes: The impact stress has on your skin

In today’s fast-paced world, stress has become an unavoidable part of life, with levels of stress and the proportion of the population experiencing this on the rise. While its impact on mental health is well-known, the ways in which stress affects your skin are often overlooked. As a dermatologist, I’ve observed countless patients struggling with stress-related skin issues. Let’s delve into the connection between stress and skin.

The Science Behind Stress and Skin

When you experience stress, your body activates its “fight or flight” response. This triggers the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Elevated cortisol levels can impair your skin’s barrier function, increase oil production, and disrupt normal inflammatory processes leading to an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The result? Flaring or worsening of a range of skin conditions.

Acne

Stress doesn’t directly cause acne, but it can exacerbate it. Increased cortisol stimulates the production of sebum (oil) in the skin, which can clog pores and lead to breakouts. A study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology found that college students had more acne flare-ups during exam periods, highlighting the link between psychological stress and acne severity.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in scaly patches and inflammation. Stress can be a significant trigger for psoriasis flares. Research indicates that stress-related cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), contribute to the inflammatory processes involved in psoriasis.

Hair Loss

Telogen effluvium, a form of temporary hair loss, is often linked to stress – either physical or psychological. High stress levels push a significant number of hair follicles into the “telogen” or resting phase, leading to shedding usually around 3 months later. Additionally, stress can exacerbate conditions like alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks hair follicles.

Eczema

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a condition characterised by itchy, inflamed skin. Stress is known to weaken the skin’s barrier function, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens. It also promotes the release of neuropeptides and other inflammatory mediators that worsen eczema symptoms such as the sensation of itch.

General Strategies to Combat Stress and Protect Your Skin

1. Prioritise Sleep: Poor sleep increases stress. Aim for 7-9 hours of restorative sleep each night.

2. Exercise Regularly and ensure a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals: Physical activity reduces cortisol levels and promotes endorphin release, improving overall well-being. Vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, C and zinc are important for tissue repair, wound healing and skin barrier function.

3. Engage in relaxation techniques: Techniques such as meditation, journaling, and deep breathing can help
to manage stress effectively.

4. Consult Professionals: Seek guidance from dermatologists for skin conditions, and mental health professionals for stress management and follow your prescribed treatment plan.

5. Seek support through counselling or support groups to better cope with stress.

Stress and skin health are intricately linked, with conditions like acne, psoriasis, hair loss, and eczema often reflecting your mental state. Understanding the mechanisms behind stress-induced skin issues and adopting a holistic approach to treatment can make a significant difference. If you’re struggling with these concerns, remember that help is available, and effective management starts with addressing both your mind and body.

Your skin is a mirror to your overall health. By managing stress, you’re not just caring for your mind—you’re giving your skin the care it deserves.